![]() ![]() Because the incidence rate in the non-delirium group is high, the odds ratio exaggerates the true risk demonstrated in the study. Mortality in patients without ICU DeliriumĪfter converting the odds ratio to a risk ratio, the actual risk is 1.4 (mortality is 1.4 times more likely in patients with ICU delirium compared to those without ICU delirium). Using the following simulated data set, it would appear that having ICU delirium results in a 2-fold increase in the risk of mortality: Mortality in patients with ICU Delirium 1 However, the odds ratio becomes exponentially more different from the risk ratio as the incidence increases, which exaggerates either a risk or treatment effect. When the incidence of an outcome is low (<10%), the odds ratio is very similar to the risk ratio. This format is commonly expressed in cohort studies using logistic regression. The relative risk increase is the percentage to which the treated group get more of that event than the control group and is computed using the following: Relative risk increase Negative numbers, of course, mean that there is a relative risk decrease rather than increase. Certain types of trial designs, however, report risk as an odds ratio. The 50 relates to the 4 - so the absolute increase in the risk is 50 of 4, which is 2. In medical literature, the relative risk of an outcome is often described as a risk ratio (the probability of an event occurring in an exposed group divided by the probability in a non-exposed group). Say the relative risk of the disease is increased by 50 in smokers. ![]()
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