![]() Here we present the isolation of the first tetraanionic-substituted benzene as a ligand coordinated to group 3 metals. In the series of all-carbon aromatic compounds, no example of a benzene tetraanion, which is theoretically a 6C, 10π-electron aromatic system, has been reported although heteroatom analogues of such a system, known as ‘electron-rich aromatics’, have been studied in detail for a long time. Hückel’s (4n+2)π-electron rule is the standard criterion to determine aromaticity and it applies well to neutral arenes as well as to charged species such as the cyclopentadienyl anion, the cyclooctatetraene dianion and the cycloheptatrienyl cation (tropylium). This metabolic activation and DNA damage is induced in lung epithelium, and the mutagenicity of PAHs can be classified by DNA microarray expression profiles.Aromaticity is a fundamental concept with implications spanning all the chemical sciences. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants produced in the combustion of organic matter. How are polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons classified? PAHs generated from these sources can bind to or form small particles in the air. They also are produced when coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, and tobacco are burned. ![]() Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of chemicals that occur naturally in coal, crude oil, and gasoline. What is the main source of polynuclear hydrocarbons? The key difference between polycyclic and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons is that the term polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon describes the presence of two or more cyclic structures fused to each other whereas the term polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon describes the presence of more than one atom. ![]() What is the difference between polynuclear and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons? ![]() Now, we have got the complete detailed explanation and answer for everyone, who is interested! This is a question our experts keep getting from time to time. ![]()
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